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James Smithson Last Will and Testament
This is a copy of the Last Will and Testament of James Smithson, who founded the Smithsonian Institution (1765-1826).
- James Smithson was a chemist and mineralogist in the late 1700s.
- He made numerous excursions throughout Europe to collect mineral and ore samples.
- He was made a member of the Royal Society of London in 1787 only a year after he graduated from college.
- His concise one-page Will set up a fund which established the Smithsonian Institution.
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Samuel Johnson Last Will and Testament
Download a free copy of the Last Will and Testament of Samuel Johnson (1709-1784).
- Samuel Johnson was a British man of letters and one of the outstanding literary figures of the 18th century.
- Johnson produced the first great English dictionary, the Dictionary of the English Language, in 1755.
- The biography of Johnson written by James Boswell is still one of the most critically acclaimed biographies of all time.
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Napoleon Bonaparte Last Will and Testament
This is a copy of the Last Will and Testament of Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon I) (1769-1821).
- Napoleon, French emperor and military genius, established his reputation during the Revolutionary wars in northern Italy.
- His marriage in 1796 to Josephine de Beauharnais helped him to political power.
- In 1799 he was appointed First Consul, then in 1892 became Consul for life and was virtual dictator of France, crowning himself Emperor in 1804.
- After campaigns against Austria and Russia drained his strength and virtually destroyed his Grand Army, Napoleon abdicated in 1814. He was defeated at Waterloo in 1815 and imprisoned on St. Helena, where he died.
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Wilhelm Reich Last Will and Testament
Download a free copy of the Last Will and Testament of Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957).
- Wilhelm Reich was an Austrian born psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, known as one of the most radical figures in the history of psychiatry.
- Reich worked with Sigmund Freud in the 1920s and was a respected analyst for much of his life, focusing on character structure rather than on individual neurotic symptoms. He believed that neurosis is rooted in the physical, sexual, economic, and social conditions of the patient, and promoted adolescent sexuality, the availability of contraceptives, abortion, and divorce, and the importance for women of economic independence.
- In 1947, Reich was living in the US when the Food and Drug Administration obtained an injunction to stop the sale of his 'orgone accumulators'. Charged with contempt for violating the injunction, he was sentenced to two years in prison, and in August 1956, several tons of his publications were burned by the FDA, arguably one of the worst examples of censorship in U.S. history.
- He died in jail of heart failure just over a year later, days before he was due to apply for parole.
Biographical information obtained from Wikipedia.org.
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