Alfred Nobel Last Will and Testament

Nobel was born in 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden. His family was descended from Olof Rudbeck, the best-known technical genius of Sweden's 17th century era as a great power in northern Europe.
Nobel invented dynamite in 1866.
In 1895, Nobel signed his last will providing for the establishment of the Nobel Prize. He died in San Remo, Italy on December 10, 1896.

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Benjamin Franklin Last Will and Testament

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was an American statesman, inventor, philosopher, author, soldier, scientist and political activist. He is credited, among other things, with inventing the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove. He established the first public library and the first fire department in the United States. F
ranklin became a newspaper editor, printer, and merchant in Philadelphia and became very wealthy writing and publishing Poor Richard's Almanack and The Pennsylvania Gazette.
From 1775 to 1776, Franklin was the Postmaster General under the Continental Congress and from 1785 to 1788, the President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania.
Toward the end of his life, Benjamin Franklin became one of the most prominent figures endorsing the abolition of slavery.

Biographical material taken from Wikipedia.com.

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Charles Darwin was an English naturalist who determined that all species of life on Earth descended and evolved from common ancestors, and proposed the scientific theory that this pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection. He published his evidence for this theory in an 1859 book called On the Origin of Species.
In modified form, Darwin's discovery is today the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the biodiversity found on our planet.
Darwin is buried in Westminster Abbey, close to John Herschel and Isaac Newton, clearly exemplifying his status and importance as a scientist, and the esteem in which he was held in his own lifetime.

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Epicurus founded one of the major philosophies of ancient Greece, helping to lay the intellectual foundations for modern science and for secular individualism.
Many aspects of his thought are still highly relevant some twenty-three centuries after they were first taught in his school in Athens, called 'the Garden.'
Epicurus's philosophy combines a physics based on an atomistic materialism with a rational hedonistic ethic that emphasizes moderation of desires and cultivation of friendships.
His world-view is an optimistic one that stresses that philosophy can liberate one from fears of death and the supernatural, and can teach us how to find happiness in almost any situation.
His practical insights into human psychology, as well as his science-friendly world-view, gives Epicureanism great contemporary signficance as well as a venerable role in the intellectual development of Western Civilization.

The above taken from www.epicurus.net

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Wilhelm Reich was an Austrian born psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, known as one of the most radical figures in the history of psychiatry.
Reich worked with Sigmund Freud in the 1920s and was a respected analyst for much of his life, focusing on character structure rather than on individual neurotic symptoms. He believed that neurosis is rooted in the physical, sexual, economic, and social conditions of the patient, and promoted adolescent sexuality, the availability of contraceptives, abortion, and divorce, and the importance for women of economic independence.
In 1947, Reich was living in the US when the Food and Drug Administration obtained an injunction to stop the sale of his 'orgone accumulators'. Charged with contempt for violating the injunction, he was sentenced to two years in prison, and in August 1956, several tons of his publications were burned by the FDA, arguably one of the worst examples of censorship in U.S. history.
He died in jail of heart failure just over a year later, days before he was due to apply for parole.

Biographical information obtained from Wikipedia.org.

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